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PostgreSQL klasterio trikčių šalinimas

Informacija

Visą procedūrą reikia atlikti kaip root. Norėdami padidinti savo teises iki root, galite naudoti komandą su -.

Perspėjimas

Norėdami atlikti šią procedūrą, turite būti atlikę papildomas patronictl konfigūracijas.

Ryšio su CyberElements Bastion PostgreSQL klasterio duomenų baze klaidos gali turėti įvairių priežasčių. Šiame skyriuje pateikiamas bendras trikčių šalinimo metodas, kurį reikia pritaikyti savo atvejui.

Klasterio būsenos tikrinimas

Informacija

Patikrinus klasterio būseną, galima greitai rasti sugedusį mazgą ar mazgus.

Klasterio būseną galite patikrinti šia komanda, kurią reikia paleisti kiekviename PostgreSQL klasterio mazge:

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patronictl -c /etc/patroni/config.yml topology
Veikiančios platformos išvesties pavyzdys 

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+ Cluster: 15-cleanroomvault5 ------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
| Member           | Host           | Role    | State   | TL | Lag in MB |
+------------------+----------------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
| PSQL_3           | psql_3         | Leader  | running | 2  |           |
| + PSQL_1         | psql_1         | Replica | running | 2  |         0 |
| + PSQL_2         | psql_2         | Replica | running | 2  |         0 |
+------------------+----------------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
Aukščiau pateiktoje išvestyje viskas rodo, kad PostgreSQL klasteris veikia: visų Replica mazgų atsilikimas yra 0 MB, o visi mazgai yra sąraše su būsena running. Tokią išvestį turite gauti visuose mazguose, kad įsitikintumėte, jog patroni ir etcd veikia.

Išvesties pavyzdys, kai kyla ryšio tarp mazgų problema 

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+ Cluster: 15-cleanroomvault5 ------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
| Member           | Host           | Role    | State   | TL | Lag in MB |
+------------------+----------------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
| PSQL_3           | psql_3         | Leader  | running | 2  |           |
| + PSQL_1         | psql_1         | Replica | running | 2  |       230 |
| + PSQL_2         | psql_2         | Replica | running | 2  |         0 |
+------------------+----------------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
Aukščiau pateiktoje išvestyje 230 MB atsilikimas yra neįprastas: jis gali rodyti ryšio tarp mazgo 3 ir mazgo 1 problemą.
Jei problema neišnyksta po kelių valandų, tai patvirtina šią prielaidą.

Išvesties pavyzdys, kai mazgas netinkamai paleistas arba sustabdytas 

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+ Cluster: 15-cleanroomvault5 ------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
| Member           | Host           | Role    | State   | TL | Lag in MB |
+------------------+----------------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
| PSQL_3           | psql_3         | Leader  | running | 2  |           |
| + PSQL_1         | psql_1         | Replica | started | 2  |   unknown |
| + PSQL_2         | psql_2         | Replica | stopped | 2  |   unknown |
+------------------+----------------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
Aukščiau pateiktoje išvestyje būsena (stulpelis State) rodo, kad mazgas 1 paleidžiamas. Jei būsena started išlieka kelias minutes ar net valandas, gali būti, kad tame mazge kilo patroni arba etcd problema.
Mazgo 2 būsena yra stopped: jis sustabdytas. Sugedus klasterio mazgui, ši informacija rodoma tik laikinai, kol mazgas pašalinamas iš sąrašo.

Išvesties pavyzdys, kai dabartiniame mazge sugenda etcd 

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2026-04-09 16:21:39,482 - WARNING - Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=0, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fcaa1618390>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused')': /version
2026-04-09 16:21:39,482 - WARNING - Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=0, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fcaa1618c10>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused')': /version
2026-04-09 16:21:39,483 - ERROR - Failed to get list of machines from https://PSQL_3:2379/v2: MaxRetryError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='psql_3', port=2379): Max retries exceeded with url: /version (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fcaa1619490>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused'))")
Aukščiau pateiktoje išvestyje rodoma ryšio su etcd klaida, dėl kurios negalima gauti PostgreSQL klasterio būsenos.

Išvesties pavyzdys, kai vienas iš mazgų nesinchronizuotas 

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+ Cluster: 15-cleanroomvault5 ------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
| Member           | Host           | Role    | State   | TL | Lag in MB |
+------------------+----------------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
| PSQL_3           | psql_3         | Leader  | running | 3  |           |
| + PSQL_1         | psql_1         | Replica | running | 2  |       230 |
| + PSQL_2         | psql_2         | Replica | running | 3  |         0 |
+------------------+----------------+---------+---------+----+-----------+
Aukščiau pateiktoje išvestyje mazgas PSQL_1 nebėra tame pačiame TL kaip kiti. Kad klasteris veiktų, visi mazgai turi būti tame pačiame TL: skirtumas rodo, kad vienas iš mazgų yra nesinchronizuotas.
Norėdami išspręsti šią problemą, atlikite mazgo desinchronizacijos procedūrą.

Paslaugų būsenos tikrinimas

Nustačius sugedusį mazgą, reikia nustatyti netinkamai veikiančią paslaugą. Dvi pagrindinės PostgreSQL klasteryje naudojamos paslaugos yra patroni ir etcd.

Informacija

Paslauga patroni priklauso nuo paslaugos etcd: jei etcd neveikia, neveiks ir patroni.

Norėdami nustatyti sugedusią paslaugą, galite paleisti šias komandas:

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systemctl status etcd
systemctl status patroni

Šios komandos pateikia paslaugos būseną ir paskutines 10 jos žurnalo eilučių.

Perspėjimas

Paslauga, kurios būsena yra active (running), nebūtinai veikia: ji gali būti vykdoma ir kartu rašyti klaidų žurnalo įrašus. Todėl svarbu perskaityti paslaugos žurnalus, kad suprastumėte tikrąją jos būseną.

etcd išvesties pavyzdys, kai paslauga veikia 
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● etcd.service - etcd - highly-available key value store
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-04-09 16:40:01 CEST; 21h ago
   Docs: https://etcd.io/docs
           man:etcd
Main PID: 283425 (etcd)
   Tasks: 7 (limit: 2227)
   Memory: 73.2M
       CPU: 51min 9.223s
   CGroup: /system.slice/etcd.service
           └─283425 /usr/bin/etcd

Apr 10 09:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: store.index: compact 1624026
Apr 10 09:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: finished scheduled compaction at 1624026 (took 325.098µs)
Apr 10 10:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: store.index: compact 1624386
Apr 10 10:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: finished scheduled compaction at 1624386 (took 417.797µs)
Apr 10 11:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: store.index: compact 1624746
Apr 10 11:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: finished scheduled compaction at 1624746 (took 1.706489ms)
Apr 10 12:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: store.index: compact 1625106
Apr 10 12:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: finished scheduled compaction at 1625106 (took 300.098µs)
Apr 10 13:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: store.index: compact 1625466
Apr 10 13:26:31 PSQL_1 etcd[283425]: finished scheduled compaction at 1625466 (took 311.398µs)
etcd išvesties pavyzdys, kai paslaugoje įvyko klaida 

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× etcd.service - etcd - highly-available key value store
    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
    Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2026-04-10 14:15:26 CEST; 5s ago
Duration: 21h 35min 20.382s
    Docs: https://etcd.io/docs
            man:etcd
    Process: 454701 ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd $DAEMON_ARGS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 454701 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
        CPU: 12ms

Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 etcd[454701]: [WARNING] Deprecated '--logger=capnslog' flag is set; use '--logger=zap' flag instead
Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 etcd[454701]: etcd Version: 3.4.23
Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 etcd[454701]: Git SHA: Not provided (use ./build instead of go build)
Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 etcd[454701]: Go Version: go1.19.8
Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 etcd[454701]: Go OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 etcd[454701]: setting maximum number of CPUs to 1, total number of available CPUs is 1
Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 etcd[454701]: error listing data dir: /var/lib/etcd/cleanroom
Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 systemd[1]: etcd.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 systemd[1]: etcd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 10 14:15:26 PSQL_1 systemd[1]: Failed to start etcd.service - etcd - highly-available key value store.
Aukščiau pateiktoje išvestyje paslaugos etcd būsena yra failed, o klaida, sutrukdžiusi jai pasileisti, yra 17 eilutėje: paslauga negali perskaityti katalogo /var/lib/etcd/cleanroom turinio. Tokiu atveju pakoreguokite katalogo leidimus.

patroni išvesties pavyzdys, kai paslauga veikia 
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● patroni.service - Runners to orchestrate a high-availability PostgreSQL
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/patroni.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
   Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/patroni.service.d
           └─local.conf
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-04-09 16:40:06 CEST; 22h ago
   Process: 283510 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/testetcd.py (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 283517 (patroni)
   Tasks: 13 (limit: 2227)
   Memory: 56.1M
       CPU: 26min 54.918s
   CGroup: /system.slice/patroni.service
           ├─283517 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/patroni /etc/patroni/config.yml
           ├─283537 /usr/lib/postgresql/15/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/15/cleanroomvault5 --config-file=/etc/postgresql/15/cleanroomvault5/postgresql.conf"--listen_addresses=*" --port=5432 --cluster_name=15-cleanroomvault5 --wal_level=replica --hot_standby=on --max_connections=100 --max_wal_senders=10--max_prepared_transactions=0 --max_locks_per_transaction=64 --track_commit_timestamp=off --max_replication_slots=10 --max_worker_processes=8 --wal_log_hints=on
          ├─283538 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: logger "
          ├─283540 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: checkpointer "
           ├─283541 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: background writer "
          ├─283542 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: startup recovering 00000003000000000000000F"
          ├─283545 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: walreceiver "
          └─283547 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: postgres postgres [local] idle"
Apr 10 14:51:07 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:51:07,381 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
Apr 10 14:51:17 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:51:17,428 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
Apr 10 14:51:27 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:51:27,381 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
Apr 10 14:51:37 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:51:37,428 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
Apr 10 14:51:47 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:51:47,381 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
Apr 10 14:51:57 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:51:57,428 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
Apr 10 14:52:07 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:52:07,381 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
Apr 10 14:52:17 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:52:17,428 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
Apr 10 14:52:27 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:52:27,381 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
Apr 10 14:52:37 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 14:52:37,474 INFO: no action. I am (PSQL_1), a secondary, and following a leader (PSQL_2)
patroni išvesties pavyzdys, kai paslaugoje įvyko klaida 

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● patroni.service - Runners to orchestrate a high-availability PostgreSQL
    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/patroni.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
    Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/patroni.service.d
            └─local.conf
    Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-04-09 16:40:06 CEST; 23h ago
    Process: 283510 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/testetcd.py (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 283517 (patroni)
    Tasks: 12 (limit: 2227)
    Memory: 61.7M
        CPU: 28min 8.337s
    CGroup: /system.slice/patroni.service
            ├─283517 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/patroni /etc/patroni/config.yml
            ├─283537 /usr/lib/postgresql/15/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/15/cleanroomvault5 --config-file=/etc/postgresql/15/cleanroomvault5/postgresql.conf "--listen_addresses=*" --port=5432 --cluster_name=15-cleanroomvault5 --wal_level=replica --hot_standby=on --max_connections=100 --max_wal_senders=10 --max_prepared_transactions=0 --max_locks_per_transaction=64 --track_commit_timestamp=off --max_replication_slots=10 --max_worker_processes=8 --wal_log_hints=on
            ├─283538 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: logger "
            ├─283540 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: checkpointer "
            ├─283541 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: background writer "
            ├─283542 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: startup recovering 00000003000000000000000F"
            └─283547 "postgres: 15-cleanroomvault5: postgres postgres [local] idle"

Apr 10 15:52:37 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:37,680 WARNING: Loop time exceeded, rescheduling immediately.
Apr 10 15:52:41 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:37,681 INFO: Lock owner: PSQL_2; I am PSQL_1
Apr 10 15:52:41 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:41,069 ERROR: Request to server https://PSQL_3:2379 failed: ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='psql_3', port=2379): Read timed out. (read timeout=3.3331721344341836)")
Apr 10 15:52:41 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:41,069 INFO: Reconnection allowed, looking for another server.
Apr 10 15:52:41 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:41,069 INFO: Retrying on https://PSQL_1:2379
Apr 10 15:52:41 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:41,073 ERROR: Request to server https://PSQL_1:2379 failed: MaxRetryError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='psql_1', port=2379): Max retries exceeded with url: /v3/lease/keepalive (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fd77c411090>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused'))")
Apr 10 15:52:41 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:41,073 INFO: Reconnection allowed, looking for another server.
Apr 10 15:52:41 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:41,073 INFO: Retrying on https://PSQL_2:2379
Apr 10 15:52:41 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:41,074 ERROR: Request to server https://PSQL_2:2379 failed: MaxRetryError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='psql_2', port=2379): Max retries exceeded with url: /v3/lease/keepalive (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fd77c411090>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused'))")
Apr 10 15:52:41 PSQL_1 patroni[283517]: 2026-04-10 15:52:41,074 INFO: Reconnection allowed, looking for another server.
Aukščiau pateiktu atveju paslaugos būsena yra active (running), nors ji iš tikrųjų neveikia: žurnaluose matyti įvairios ryšio su etcd, kurios reikia patroni, klaidos.
Šiame pavyzdyje patroni nebūtinai kaltas: kadangi jis priklauso nuo etcd, pirmiausia išspręskite etcd problemas, tada dar kartą patikrinkite patroni būseną.

Paslaugų trikčių šalinimo procedūros

Toliau pateikiama po vieną trikčių šalinimo procedūrą kiekvienai paslaugai. Jei netinkamai veikia ir etcd, ir patroni, pradėkite nuo etcd.